Function List

Gamma: Version 4.0
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# Appendix A. Function List

`absolute_path` | returns the absolute path of the given file.
`access` | checks a file for various permissions.
`acos` | finds the arc cosine of a number.
`add_echo_function` | assigns functions for echoes on a point.
`add_exception_function` | assigns functions for exceptions on a point.
`add_hook` | hooks a function to an event.
`add_set_function` | sets an expression to be evaluated when a given symbol changes value.
`after` | performs an action after a period of time.
`alist_p` | tests for association lists.
`allocated_cells` | gives the number of allocated and free cells.
`and` | is the same as the corresponding logical operator (&&).
`append` | concatenates several lists into a single new list.
`apropos` | finds all defined symbols in the current interpreter environment.
`aref` | returns an expression at a given index.
`array` | constructs an array.
`array_p` | tests for arrays.
`array_to_list` | converts an array to a list.
`aset` | sets an array element to a value at a given index.
`asin` | finds the arc sine of a number.
`assoc` | searches an association list for a sublist, using eq.
`assoc_equal` | searches an association list for a sublist, using equal.
`at` | performs an action at a given time, or regularly.
`atan` | finds the arc tangent of a number.
`atan2` | finds the arc tangent with two arguments.
`atexit` | evaluates code before exiting a program.
`AutoLoad` | allows for run-time symbol lookup.
`autoload_undefined_symbol` | checks undefined symbols for AutoLoad.
`AutoMapFunction` | maps a C function to a Gamma function.
`autotrace_p` | is for internal use only.
`backquote` | corresponds to a quote operator.
`band` | performs bitwise and operations.
`basename` | gives the base of a filename.
`bdelete` | deletes a single character from a buffer.
`bin` | converts numbers into binary form.
`binsert` | inserts a value into a buffer.
`block_signal` | starts signal blocking.
`block_timers` | blocks timer firing.
`bnot` | performs bitwise not operations.
`bor` | performs bitwise inclusive or operations.
`breakpoint_p` | is for internal use only.
`bsearch` | searches an array or list for a element.
`buffer` | constructs a buffer.
`buffer_p` | tests for buffers.
`buffer_to_string` | converts a buffer to a string.
`builtin_p` | is for internal use only.
`bxor` | perform bitwise exclusive or operations.
`caaar` | returns that element of a list.
`caadr` | returns that element of a list.
`caar` | returns that element of a list.
`cadar` | returns that element of a list.
`caddr` | returns that element of a list.
`cadr` | returns that element of a list.
`call` | calls a class method for a given instance.
`cancel` | removes a timer from the set of pending timers.
`car` | returns that element of a list.
`cd` | changes the working directory.
`cdaar` | returns that element of a list.
`cdadr` | returns that element of a list.
`cdar` | returns that element of a list.
`cddar` | returns that element of a list.
`cdddr` | returns that element of a list.
`cddr` | returns that element of a list.
`cdr` | returns that element of a list.
`ceil` | rounds a real number up to the next integer.
`cfand` | performs and operations with a confidence factor.
`cfor` | performs or operations with a confidence factor.
`char` | generates an ASCII character from a number.
`char_val` | generates a character's numeric value.
`chars_waiting` | checks for characters waiting to be read on a file.
`class_add_cvar` | adds new class variables.
`class_add_ivar` | adds an instance variable to a class.
`class_name` | gives the name of the class.
`class_of` | gives the class definition of a given instance.
`class_p` | tests for classes.
`ClearAutoLoad` | removes all `AutoLoad` rules.
`clock` | gets the OS time.
`close` | closes an open file.
`close_task` | closes a task opened by `locate_task`.
`conf` | queries confidence factors.
`cons` | constructs a cons cell.
`cons_p` | tests for cons cells.
`constant_p` | tests for constants.
`copy` | makes a copy of the top list level of a list.
`copy_tree` | copies the entire tree structure and elements of a list.
`cos` | returns the cosine of a number.
`create_state` | is part of the SCADALisp exception-driven state machine mechanism.
`date` | gets the OS date and time; translates seconds into dates.
`date_of` | is obsolete, see date
`dec` | converts numbers into base-10 form.
`defclass` | is the function equivalent of the statement: `class`.
`defmacro` | is a Lisp equivalent of the function: `macro`.
`defmacroe` | is a Lisp equivalent of the function: `macro`.
`defmethod` | is the function equivalent of the function: `method`.
`defun` | is a function equivalent of the statement: `function`.
`defune` | is a function equivalent of the statement: `function`.
`defvar` | defines a global variable with an initial value.
`delete` | removes an element from an array.
`destroy` | destroys a class instance.
`destroyed_p` | tests for destroyed instances.
`_destroy_task` | should never be used.
`dev_read` | is a modification of QNX 4 `dev_read`.
`dev_setup` | is obsolete, see `ser_setup`.
`difference` | constructs a list of the differences between two lists.
`directory` | returns the contents of a directory.
`dirname` | returns the directory path of a file.
`div` | divides two numbers, giving an integer result.
`dlclose` | closes an open dynamic library.
`dlerror` | reports errors in dl functions.
`dlfunc` | reserved for future use.
`DllLoad` | loads dynamic libraries.
`dlmethod` | reserved for future use.
`dlopen` | loads a dynamic library from a file.
`drain` | modifies end-of-file detection.
`enter_state` | is part of the SCADALisp exception-driven state machine mechanism.
`eq` | compares for identity and equivalence.
`equal` | compares for identity and equivalence.
`errno` | detects and numbers errors.
`error` | redirects the interpreter.
`eval` | evaluates an argument.
`eval_count` | counts evaluations made since a program started.
`eval_list` | evaluates each element of a list.
`eval_string` | evaluates a string.
`every` | performs an action every number of seconds.
`exec` | executes a program.
`exit_program` | terminates the interpreter.
`exit_state` | is part of the SCADALisp exception-driven state machine mechanism.
`exp` | calculates an exponent of the logarithmic base (e).
`fd_close` | closes a open file identified by a file descriptor.
`fd_data_function` | attaches a write-activated callback to a file.
`fd_eof_function` | attaches an `_eof_`-activated callback to a file.
`fd_open` | opens a file or device and assigns it a file descriptor.
`fd_read` | reads a buffer or string from an open file identified by a file descriptor.
`fd_to_file` | creates a file pointer from a descriptor.
`fd_write` | writes a buffer or string to an open file identified by a file descriptor.
`file_date` | gives the file modification date.
`file_p` | tests for files.
`file_size` | gives the file size.
`fileno` | creates a file descriptor from a pointer.
`find` | searches a list using the function: `eq`.
`find_equal` | searches a list using the function: `equal`.
`fixed_point_p` | tests for fixed-point reals.
`floor` | rounds a real number down to its integer value.
`flush` | flushes any pending output on a file or string.
`flush_events` | handles all pending events, then exits.
`fork` | duplicates a process.
`format` | generates a formatted string.
`free_cells` | returns the number of available memory cells.
`funcall` | provides compatibility with other Lisp dialects.
`function_args` | lists the arguments of a function.
`function_body` | gives the body of a user-defined function.
`function_calls` | tells how often a function was called during profiling.
`function_name` | gives the name of a function.
`function_p` | tests for functions.
`function_runtime` | gives the time a function has run during profiling.
`gc` | runs the garbage collector.
`gc_blocksize` | is for internal use only.
`gc_enable` | is for internal use only.
`gc_newblock` | is for internal use only.
`gc_trace` | controls the tracing of garbage collection.
`gensym` | generates a unique symbol.
`getcwd` | gets the current working directory.
`getenv` | retrieves the value of an environment variable.
`gethostname` | gets the computer's host name.
`getnid` | returns the local node number.
`getpid` | returns the program ID.
`getprop` | returns a property value for a symbol.
`getsockopt` | gets a socket option.
`has_cvar` | queries for the existence of a class variable.
`has_ivar` | queries for the existence of an instance variable.
`hex` | converts numbers into hexadecimal form.
`init_async_ipc` | requests queue information from a task.
`init_ipc` | sets up necessary data structures for IPC.
`inp` | queries hardware ports (by byte).
`inpw` | queries hardware ports (by word).
`insert` | inserts a value at a given position.
`instance_p` | tests for instances.
`instance_vars` | finds all the instance variables of a class or instance.
`int` | converts numbers to integer form.
`int_p` | tests for integers.
`intersection` | constructs a list of all the elements found in both of two lists.
`ioctl` | performs control functions on a file descriptor.
`is_busy` | determines if a file is busy.
`is_class_member` | checks if an instance or class is a member of a class.
`is_dir` | determines if a file is a directory.
`is_file` | determines if a file exists.
`is_readable` | determines if a file is readable.
`is_writable` | determines if a file is writable.
`isend` | sends a synchronous message and doesn't wait for the result.
`ivar_type` | returns the type of a given instance variable.
`kill` | sends a signal to a process.
`length` | counts the number of elements in a list or array.
`list` | creates lists, evaluating the arguments.
`list_p` | tests for lists.
`list_to_array` | converts a list to an array.
`listq` | creates lists without evaluating the arguments.
`load` | loads files.
`load_lisp` | loads Lisp files.
`locate_task` | finds and connects to tasks by name.
`locate_task_id` | finds and connects to tasks by task ID and network node.
`lock_point` | locks or unlocks points.
`log` | calculates natural logarithms.
`log10` | calculates base 10 logarithms.
`logn` | calculates logarithms of a given base.
`long_p` | tests for long integers.
`macro` | helps generate custom functions.
`macro_p` | tests for macros.
`make_array` | creates an empty array.
`make_buffer` | creates a new, empty buffer.
`method_p` | tests for methods.
`mkdir` | creates a new sub-directory.
`mmap` | implements the C function call `mmap`.
`modules` | is obsolete, and returns nothing of value.
`name_attach` | attaches a name to a task.
`nanoclock` | gets the OS time, including nanoseconds.
`nanosleep` | pauses the interpreter for seconds and nanoseconds.
`nappend` | appends one or more lists, destructively modifying them.
`neg` | negates a number.
`new` | creates a new instance of a class.
`next_event` | blocks waiting for an event, and calls the event handling function.
`next_event_nb` | is the same as next_event, but doesn't block.
`nil_p` | tests for nil values.
`NoAutoLoad` | removes selected AutoLoad rules.
`not` | is the same as the corresponding logical operator (`!`).
`notrace` | turns tracing off.
`nremove` | removes list items, destructively altering the list.
`nreplace` | replaces elements in a list, using `eq`.
`nreplace_equal` | replaces elements in a list, using `equal`.
`nserve_query` | puts information from nserve into an array.
`nth_car` | iteratively applies the car functions to a list.
`nth_cdr` | iteratively applies the cdr functions to a list.
`number` | attempts to convert an expression to a number.
`number_p` | tests for numbers.
`oct` | converts numbers into octal form.
`open` | attempts to open a file.
`open_string` | allows a string to be used as a file.
`or` | is the same as the corresponding logical operator (||).
`outp` | writes values to hardware ports (by byte).
`outpw` | writes values to hardware ports (by word).
`parent_class` | returns the closest parent (base) of a class or instance.
`parse_string` | parses an input string.
`path_node` | gives the node number of a path in a QNX 2 path definition.
`pipe` | creates a pipe.
`point_locked` | indicates if a point is locked.
`point_nanoseconds` | gives the nanoseconds from point_seconds that a point value changed.
`point_seconds` | gives the time the point value changed.
`point_security` | gives the security level of a point.
`pow` | raises a base to the power of an exponent.
`pretty_princ` | writes to the standard output file, with formatting.
`pretty_print` | writes Lisp-readable output to the standard output file, with formatting.
`pretty_write` | writes an expression to a file, applying formatting.
`pretty_writec` | writes an expression to a file, applying formatting.
`princ` | writes to the standard output file.
`print` | writes Lisp-readable output to the standard output file.
`print_stack` | prints a Gamma stack.
`profile` | collects statistics on function usage and run time.
`prog1` | groups several statements into one expression.
`progn` | groups several statements into one expression.
`properties` | should never be used.
`pty` | runs programs in a pseudo-tty.
`ptytio` | runs programs in a pseudo-tty, using a termios structure argument.
`qnx_name_attach` | registers a local or global name.
`qnx_name_detach` | detaches a name.
`qnx_name_locate` | is an implementation of the C function `qnx_name_locate`.
`qnx_osinfo` | returns a class very similar to QNX 4 `struct_osinfo`.
`qnx_osstat` | lists processor loads and number of READY processes at each priority level.
`qnx_proxy_attach` | creates a proxy message for a process.
`qnx_proxy_detach` | removes a proxy.
`qnx_proxy_rem_attach` | creates a remote proxy message for a task.
`qnx_proxy_rem_detach` | removes a remote proxy.
`qnx_receive` | performs a QNX 4 `Receive`.
`qnx_reply` | replies to messages of type: `qnx_receive`.
`qnx_send` | implements QNX 4 `Send`.
`qnx_spawn_process` | is an implementation of the C function `qnx_spawn`.
`qnx_trigger` | tells a proxy to send its message.
`qnx_vc_attach` | establishes a virtual circuit between two processes on two computers.
`qnx_vc_detach` | detaches a virtual circuit.
`qnx_vc_name_attach` | attaches a virtual circuit with a name instead of a process ID number.
`quote` | corresponds to a quote operator.
`random` | generates random numbers from 0 to 1.
`raw_memory` | tells the amount of memory in use.
`read` | reads a Lisp expression from a file.
`read_char` | reads the next character from the input file.
`read_double` | reads the next double from the input file.
`read_eval_file` | reads a file, evaluating and counting expressions.
`read_existing_point` | retrieves points.
`read_float` | reads the next float from the input file.
`read_line` | reads a single line of text.
`read_long` | reads the next long value from the input file.
`read_n_chars` | reads and stores characters.
`read_point` | creates and/or retrieves points.
`read_short` | reads the next short value from the input file.
`read_until` | reads characters, constructing a string as it goes.
`real_p` | tests for reals.
`register_all_points` | registers an application to receive exceptions for all points.
`register_exception` | is not yet documented.
`register_existing_point` | registers an application to receive exceptions for a single existing point.
`register_point` | creates and/or registers an application to receive exceptions for a single point.
`registered_p` | tests for registered points.
`remove` | removes list items without altering the list.
`remove_echo_function` | removes an echo function from a symbol.
`remove_exception_function` | removes an exception function from a symbol.
`remove_hook` | removes a hooked function.
`remove_set_function` | removes a set function from a symbol.
`rename` | renames a file.
`require` | requires/loads files.
`require_lisp` | requires/loads Lisp files.
`required_file` | determines which files would be loaded.
`reverse` | reverses the order of list elements.
`root_path` | strips the final file or directory name from a path.
`round` | rounds a real number up or down to the nearest integer.
`rplaca` | replaces the car of a list.
`rplacd` | replaces the cdr of a list.
`run_hooks` | runs a hooked function.
`secure_point` | alters the security level on a point.
`seek` | sets the file position for reading or writing.
`send` | transmits expressions for evaluation.
`send_async` | transmits expressions asynchronously.
`send_string` | transmits strings for evaluation.
`send_string_async` | transmits a string asynchronously.
`ser_setup` | sets parameters for a serial port device.
`set` | assigns a value to a symbol, evaluating both arguments.
`set_autotrace` | is reserved for future use.
`set_breakpoint` | is reserved for future use.
`set_conf` | sets confidence factors.
`set_domain` | sets the default domain for future calls.
`set_random` | starts random at a different initial number.
`set_security` | changes the security level for the current process.
`setenv` | sets an environment variable for the current process.
`setprop` | sets a property value for a symbol.
`setprops` | lists the most recent property value settings.
`setq` | assigns a value to a symbol, evaluating the second argument.
`setqq` | assigns a value to a symbol, not evaluating any arguments.
`setsockopt` | sets a socket option.
`shell_match` | compares string text to a pattern.
`shm_open` | opens shared memory objects.
`shm_unlink` | removes shared memory objects.
`shorten_array` | reduces or expands the size of an array.
`shorten_buffer` | reduces the size of a buffer.
`signal` | defines an expression to be evaluated at an OS-generated signal.
`sin` | returns the sine of a number.
`sleep` | suspends execution for seconds.
`sort` | sorts a list or array, destructively modifying the order.
`sqr` | finds the square of a number.
`sqrt` | finds the square root of a number.
`stack` | lists all functions called so far.
`strchr` | searches a string for a character, returning the first location.
`strcmp` | compares strings, case-sensitive.
`strerror` | retrieves an error message.
`stricmp` | compares strings, case-insensitive.
`string` | constructs a string.
`string_file_buffer` | queries a string file for its internal buffer.
`string_p` | tests for strings.
`string_split` | breaks a string into individual words.
`string_to_buffer` | creates a buffer object from a string.
`stringc` | constructs a string in Lisp-readable form,
`strlen` | counts the number of characters in a string.
`strncmp` | compares two strings and return a numeric result, case-sensitive.
`strnicmp` | compares two strings and return a numeric result, case-insensitive.
`strrchr` | searches a string for a character, returning the last location.
`strrev` | reverses the order of characters in a string.
`strstr` | finds the location of a given substring.
`substr` | returns a substring for a given location.
`sym_alist_p` | tests for symbolic association lists.
`symbol` | constructs a symbol from a string.
`symbol_p` | tests for symbols.
`system` | treats its argument as a system command.
`tan` | returns the tangent of a number.
`taskdied` | calls a function when a task stops.
`task_info` | gets information from a task descriptor.
`taskstarted` | calls a function when a task starts.
`tell` | indicates file position.
`terpri` | prints a newline to an open file.
`time` | gives command execution times.
`timer_is_proxy` | controls timer handling in Gamma.
`tmpfile` | generates temporary output file names.
`tolower` | converts upper case letters to lower case.
`toupper` | converts lower case letters to upper case.
`trace` | turns tracing on.
`trap_error` | traps errors in the body code.
`true_p` | tests for truth value.
`unblock_signal` | ends signal blocking.
`unblock_timers` | unblocks timer firing.
`unbuffer_file` | causes a file to be treated as unbuffered on both input and output.
`undefined_p` | tests for undefined values.
`undefined_symbol_p` | tests for undefined symbols.
`union` | constructs a list containing all the elements of two lists.
`unlink` | deletes a file.
`unread_char` | attempts to replace a character to a file for subsequent reading.
`unregister_point` | stops echo and exception message sending.
`unwind_protect` | ensures code will be evaluated, despite errors in the body code.
`usleep` | suspends execution for microseconds.
`wait` | waits for process exit status.
`when_echo_fns` | indicates the functions for echos on a point.
`when_exception_fns` | indicates the functions for exceptions on a point.
`when_set_fns` | returns all functions set for a symbol.
`whence` | gives input information.
`write` | writes an expression to a file.
`write_existing_point` | writes values to existing points.
`write_n_chars` | writes characters from a buffer to a file.
`write_point` | writes point values, creating points if necessary.
`writec` | writes a Lisp expression to a file.

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